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Pneumonic plague epidemic in Northeast China in 1910–1911: Dr.

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 113-115 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0613-4

摘要：

Pneumonic plague that originated in Russian Siberia broke out in Northeast China in October 1910–March 1911. On the basis of field visits, autopsy, bacteriological identification, and close collaboration with local authorities and international colleagues, Dr. Wu Lien-Teh implemented a series of efficient antiplague measures, which successfully controlled the development of an extraordinary epidemic plague. In his subsequent work, Dr. Wu demonstrated the respiratory transmission of pneumonic plague and tarbagans’ role in this spread. Dr. Wu’s academic and cultural contributions are valuable in the medical progress in China.

关键词： pneumonic plague prevention epidemic control Wu Lien-Teh

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东北地区有关水土资源配置生态与环境保护和可持续发展的若干战略问题研究

中国工程院“东北水资源”项目组

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第5期页码 1-24

摘要：

东北地区包括辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区的东部地区即赤峰市、通辽市、兴安盟和呼伦贝尔市，土地总面积约124×10⁴km²，人口1.19亿。东北地区不仅工业发达，而且有我国最大的林区和最好的草原，也是全国最大的商品粮生产基地。由于长期粗放式的生产经营，部分工农业频临衰竭，环境受到严重损害，主要表现在：可采森林枯竭；很多地方的草地退化、沙化和盐化；耕地的黑土资源严重流失；水质严重污染，河流干枯，地下水超采，湿地大量减少；工矿城市遗留严重的矿山环境问题。振兴东北老工业基地的唯一选择是及时转变经济增长方式，建设资源节约、环境友好型社会。为此，项目组提出了8项战略性建议：土地利用的总体应当是耕地总量不再增加，林、草、湿地不再减少，城市和工矿用地合理控制；开发农业的巨大潜力，建设我国最大的农产品基地；必须进一步采取措施，才能保证东北林业的可持续发展；促进城市化健康发展，合理解决城市的水源危机和煤矿城市的地质灾害；加强地质勘探，提高资源保证程度；将保护水环境，防治水污染作为振兴老工业基地的重大任务；西部地区应节制社会经济用水，保护生态与环境；水资源配置应为人与自然和谐发展创造条件。

关键词：中国东北地区水土资源配置生态与环境保护可持续发展

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东北地区食物安全可持续发展战略研究

唐亮,吴东立,苗微,蒲红霞,江琳琳,王绍斌,钟文田,陈温福

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 19-27 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.016

摘要：

粮食是具有战略意义的特殊商品。立足国内“确保谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全”是关系近14 亿人口大国国计民生、国家安全的头等大事。研究结果表明，东北地区是我国农业资源禀赋最好，粮食增产潜力最大、增长最快、贡献最大的区域，现已成为我国重要的商品粮和牧业生产基地。本文着重阐述了国际化绿色化背景下东北地区食物安全现状，分析了东北地区食物供求变化趋势，明确了东北地区食物安全存在的问题，提出加速农业供给侧结构性改革、推进农牧结合、发展效率型农业等东北地区食物安全可持续发展的战略构想，为国家实施区域食物安全和可持续发展相关决策提供参考。

关键词：东北地区食物安全可持续发展

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Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1452-0

摘要：

•Harbin showed relatively high threshold RH (80%) for apparent increase of SOR.

关键词： Haze Sulfate Nitrate Heterogeneous chemistry Biomass burning Northeast China

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Prevalence of asthma symptoms in Golestan schoolchildren aged 6–7 and 13–14 years in Northeast Iran

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 345-350 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0462-y

摘要：

Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children, and its incidences are often imminent among elementary schoolchildren. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of asthma symptoms in Golestan schoolchildren aged 6–7 and 13–14 years in Northeast Iran. The prevalence rate was compared according to age group (aged 6–7 years vs. aged 13–14 years) and gender (male vs. female). In this cross-sectional study, 1706 Iranian schoolchildren aged 6–7 and 13–14 years in Golestan Province were enrolled. Participants completed questionnaires between February and July 2014. Asthma symptoms were assessed using the questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood protocol in Persian. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the asthma symptoms for each of the gender and age groups. The prevalence rates of “current asthma” symptoms and “asthma ever” in all the children were estimated as 9.5% and 7.5%, respectively. The prevalence of asthma (“asthma ever” and “wheezing in the past 12 months”) in junior high schoolchildren (aged 13–14 years) is higher than that in elementary schoolchildren (aged 6–7 years) (P <0.05). The prevalence of the severity of wheezing in girls is lower than that in boys (OR= 1.7, 95%CI= 1.06–2.96, P = 0.02). Asthma is still a major public health problem. This study shows that the prevalence of the asthma symptoms in boys is lower than that in girls in both age groups, and the severity of asthma in girls is higher than that in boys aged 13–14 years.

关键词： asthma asthma symptoms epidemiology childhood chronic disease

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川东北超深高酸性气田勘探开发工程技术

沈琛

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第10期页码 29-34

摘要：

川东北地区高含H₂S，CO₂及复杂的地质和环境条件给勘探开发工程带来了世界级难题。通过引进攻关和实践，逐步形成了适合超深高酸性气田勘探开发的钻井、测试、生产完井等配套技术，实现了国内首个超深高酸整装普光气田的安全投产运行。笔者对川东北地区超深高酸性气田勘探开发工程技术进行了简要梳理，为国内同类气田勘探开发提供参考，并对超深高酸性气田的勘探开发工程技术发展提出了建议。

关键词：川东北超深井高含硫勘探开发钻井完井

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川东北优快钻井技术

韩来聚,马广军,赵金海

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第10期页码 44-49

摘要：

川东北地区存在陆相地层可钻性差、高陡构造井斜严重，地层岩性变化大、压力系统复杂、易塌、易漏，“高压、高产、高含硫”勘探风险大等世界级钻井技术难题，造成的钻井复杂情况多、机械钻速慢、钻井周期长。围绕“钻井提速”这一主线，以开发与应用新工艺、新工具提高南方复杂深井钻井速度为目的，从气体钻井和垂直钻井设备引进配套和研发入手，结合已有的欠平衡钻井技术、控压降密度钻井与复合钻井技术，综合应用多种钻井技术全面提高川东北复杂深井钻井速度及井身质量，通过室内实验研究、单项技术试验和综合技术集成，形成了适应川东北地区地层特

关键词：川东北优快钻井气体钻井垂直钻井控压降密度钻井钻头优选复合钻井

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Concentrations of toxic heavy metals in ambient particulate matter in an industrial area of northeastern China

PIAO Fengyuan, SUN Xiance, LIU Shuang, YAMAUCHI Toru

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 207-210 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0040-z

摘要： This paper investigates concentrations of various heavy metals in ambient particulate matter (PM) and provide evidence for prevention from air pollution. The concentrations of heavy metal components in the PM were determined by inductively coupled plasma/Mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) from September 2000 to August 2002 in a northeast industrial city in China. Concentrations of Cd, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cr and As in the PM were 9.3, 461.9, 588.7, 69.5, 205.7 and 57.4 ng/m in the industrial area, and 5.7, 245.5, 305.0, 31.4, 58.8 and 32.5 ng/m in the main road, respectively. Concentrations of these heavy metals except Cd were significantly higher in the industrial area and main road than those in the suburban area ( < 0.05 or < 0.01). The change curves of the six heavy metal concentrations show their concentrations increased in the winter and spring, but decreased in the summer and autumn. The results indicate that concentrations of the metals in the PM are relatively high in the industrial area and main road.

关键词： summer August northeast industrial September spring

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Collaborations of China with the world in Synbio

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1638-y

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GRASSLAND AGRICULTURE IN CHINA—A REVIEW

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 35-44

摘要：

• Grassland-based livestock production systems cover large areas in China.

• China is facing degradation of rangeland and has great shortage of forage.

• Five types of mixed crop-livestock systems in China described.

• Improving crop–livestock integration requires S&T and policy supports.

Interactions between crops and livestock have been at the core of the evolution of many agricultural systems. In this paper, we review the development and characteristics of mixed crop-livestock systems, with a focus on grassland-based systems, as these cover large areas in China, and face several challenges. Following the transition from the original hunting and foraging systems to a sedentary lifestyle with integrated crop-livestock production systems some 8000 years ago, a range of different mixed systems have developed, depending on rainfall, solar radiation and temperature, culture and markets. We describe 5 main types of integrated systems, (1) livestock and rangeland, (2) livestock and grain production, (3) livestock and crop – grassland rotations, (4) livestock, crops and forest (silvo-pasture), and (5) livestock, crops and fish ponds. Next, two of these mixed systems are described in greater detail, i.e., the mountain-oasis-desert system and its modifications in arid and semi-arid regions, and the integrated crop-livestock production systems on the Loess Plateau. In general, crop-livestock interactions in integrated systems have significant positive effects on crop production, livestock production, energy use efficiency and economic profitability. We conclude that improved integration of crop-livestock production systems is one of the most important ways for achieving a more sustainable development of animal agriculture in China.

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Status of hyperhomocysteinemia in China: results from the China Stroke High-risk Population Screening

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 903-912 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0871-4

摘要： A nationwide survey was conducted from October 2018 to September 2019 to assess the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) and its influencing factors in China. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information. Hhcy was defined as the level of serum homocysteine (HCY)

≥

15.0 µmol/L. The H-type hypertension (HHYP) was defined as hypertension with an elevated serum HCY (

≥

15.0 µmol/L). Finally, 110 551 residents

≥

40 years of age from 31 provinces in the mainland of China were included. Overall, the median serum HCY level was 10.9 µmol/L (interquartile range 7.9–15.1). A total of 28 633 participants (25.9%) were defined as Hhcy. The Hhcy prevalence ranged from 7.9% in Shanghai to 56.8% in Tianjin. The data showed that serum HCY levels were associated with age, male gender, cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, ethnicity, endurance in exercise (inverse), and fruit and vegetable intake (inverse). In addition, 15 486 participants were defined as HHYP, and the rate was 14.0%. HHYP was an independent predictor of stroke with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.752 (95% CI 1.338–2.105). The geographical distribution pattern of the Hhcy epidemic reflects dynamic differences, and national strategies should be carried out to further improve the care of patients with Hhcy across China.

关键词： homocysteine hyperhomocysteinemia H-type hypertension Chinese

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EGG PRODUCTION IN CHINA: CURRENT STATUS AND OUTLOOK

Ning YANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 25-34 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020363

摘要： Eggs are one of the most nutritious and affordable animal products worldwide. From 1985, egg production in China has retained the leading place in the world. A total of 33 Mt of eggs were produced in 2019 representing ˃ 40% of the world total production. Egg production in China is characterized by diversity in several aspects, including layer breeds, products and production systems. New breeds and synthetic lines are developed to improve the genetic potentials of egg production and feed efficiency of layers. In the past, layer farms were run mostly by small households with 100 to 1000 layers per farm. Over the past decades, egg production in China has developed toward standardization and expansion of production systems, and many of these modern intensive farms raise millions of layers. Although the Chinese egg products maintain strong competitiveness over other animal products and imported egg products, the egg industry will grow at a slower pace compared to the past. Chinese consumers are more concerned about the quality and safety of eggs and egg products, as well as the environmental issues related to animal production, which presents challenges for the Chinese egg industry.

关键词： poultry farms China diversity egg production trends

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Achievements of the national malaria control and elimination program in the People’s Republic of China

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 85-92 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0917-7

摘要： In 2017, China achieved the target of zero indigenous malaria case for the first time, and has been certified as malaria free by World Health Organization in 2021. To further summarize the historical achievements and technical experiences of the elimination program, a project on the Roadmap Analysis and Verification for Malaria Elimination in China was carried out. Results of the project were compiled and published as the Atlas of Malaria Transmission in China (The Atlas). The Atlas using modern digital information technologies, has been supported by various data from 24 malaria endemic provinces of China since 1950, to assess the changes in malaria epidemic patterns from 1950 to 2019 at national and provincial levels. The Atlas is designed as two volumes, including a total of 1850 thematic maps and more than 130 charts, consisting of introductory maps, thematic maps of malaria epidemic and control at national and provincial levels. It objectively and directly shows the epidemic history, evolution process, and great achievements of the national malaria control and elimination program in China. The Atlas has important reference value for summing up historical experience in the national malaria elimination program of China, and malaria control and elimination in other endemic countries in the world.

关键词： malaria transmission control elimination China atlas

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Obesity in China: its characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and implications

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 129-133 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0387-x

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Laboratory diagnosis for malaria in the elimination phase in China: efforts and challenges

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 10-16 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0889-7

摘要： Malaria remains a global health challenge, although an increasing number of countries will enter pre-elimination and elimination stages. The prompt and precise diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium parasites is the key aspect of malaria elimination. Since the launch of the China Malaria Elimination Action Plan in 2010, China has formulated clear goals for malaria diagnosis and has established a network of malaria diagnostic laboratories within medical and health institutions at all levels. Various external quality assessments were implemented, and a national malaria diagnosis reference laboratory network was established to strengthen the quality assurance in malaria diagnosis. Notably, no indigenous malaria cases have been reported since 2017, but the risk of re-establishment of malaria transmission cannot be ignored. This review summarizes the lessons about malaria diagnosis in the elimination phase, primarily including the establishments of laboratory networks and quality control in China, to better improve malaria diagnosis and maintain a malaria-free status. A reference is also provided for countries experiencing malaria elimination.

关键词： malaria laboratory diagnosis quality control malaria elimination China